Case 9

	SIGNALMENT: Doberman pinscher, male, 6 years old
	HISTORY: 8 month history of progressive paraparesis. During the last 2 weeks, dog has been stumbling and knuckling on the front legs as well.
	PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: T 101.6 HR 72 RR 32 CRT <2.0 secs MM pink WT 72 lbs. See neurological examination.
	NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION:

E. POSTURAL REACTIONS:
          (0=absent, +1=decreased, +2=normal, +3=increased/exaggerated, NE=not examined)

LEFT	REACTIONS	RIGHT
	Proprioceptive Positioning PL TL
1		1
2		2
1-2	Wheelbarrowing	1-2
	Hopping PL TL
1		1
1-2		1-2
1	Extensor Postural Thrust	1
1	Hemistand-Hemiwalk	1
1	Tonic Neck	1
	Placing, tactile PL TL
NE		NE
NE		NE
	Placing, visual PL TL
NE		NE
NE		NE

F. SPINAL REFLEXES:
          (0=absent, +1=decreased, +2=normal, +3=increased/exaggerated, +4=clonic, NE=not examined)

LEFT	REFLEX, SPINAL SEGMENT	RIGHT
4	Quadriceps (L4-L6)	4
3	Flexion, PL (L5-S1)	3
1-2	Flexion, TL (C6-T1)	1-2
2	Triceps (C7-T1)	2
Present in PL	Crossed Extensor	Present in PL
2	Perineal (S1-S2)	2

G. CRANIAL NERVES:
          (0=absent, +1=decreased, +2=normal, +3=increased/exaggerated, NE=not examined)

LEFT	(Response/Test)	RIGHT
2	Menace (CN II & VII)	2
2	Palpebral (CN V & VII)	2
2	Pupil Size	2
	PLR’S Stimulate left eye Stimulate right eye (CN II & III)
2		2
2		2
0	Strabismus	0
0	Nystagmus	0
2	Facial Sensation (CN V)	2
2	Mastication (CN V)	2
2	Swallowing/Gag (CN IX & X)	2
2	Tongue (CN XII)	2

H. SENSATION:
          (0=absent, +1=decreased, +2=normal, +3=increased/exaggerated, NE=not examined)

Location
Hyperesthesia	not present
Superficial pain	+2
Deep pain	+2

	Generalized LMN		Peripheral nerve
	Spinal Cord C1-C5		Spinal Cord C6-T2
	Spinal Cord T3-L3		Spinal Cord L4-S3
	Cauda equina		Peripheral vestibular
	Central vestibular		Brainstem
	Cerebral cortex		Cerebellum
	Cranial neuropathy		Myopathy
	Musculoskeletal	Expert's Anatomic Diagnosis

LESION LOCATION:            Where is the lesion located? Right Left Bilateral Expert's Lesion Location REVIEW RADIOGRAPHS: Lumbosacral:     Thoracolumbar:     Cervical:     Skull:     Appendicular          WHICH SET ILLUSTRATES THIS CASE?