Case 6

	SIGNALMENT: 1 year old Manx cat, female
	HISTORY: Urinary and fecal incontinence present since a kitten. Leaks urine and drops feces while walking around. Seems unaware of problem. Has marked "bunny-hopping" gait in pelvic limbs. No history of trauma.
	PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: T 101.5 HR 120 RR 25 CRT <2 secs MM Pink WT 13 lbs No abnormalities found on physical examination. Bladder is small and very easily expressed. Urine dribbles from urethra. Anus is dilated.
	NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION:

E. POSTURAL REACTIONS:
          (0=absent, +1=decreased, +2=normal, +3=increased/exaggerated, NE=not examined)

LEFT	REACTIONS	RIGHT
	Proprioceptive Positioning PL TL
+2		+2
+2		+2
+2	Wheelbarrowing	+2
	Hopping PL TL
+2		+2
+2		+2
NE	Extensor Postural Thrust	NE
+2	Hemistand-Hemiwalk	+2
NE	Tonic Neck	NE
	Placing, tactile PL TL
+2		+2
+2		+2
	Placing, visual PL TL
+2		+2
+2		+2

F. SPINAL REFLEXES:
          (0=absent, +1=decreased, +2=normal, +3=increased/exaggerated, +4=clonic, NE=not examined)

LEFT	REFLEX, SPINAL SEGMENT	RIGHT
+2	Quadriceps (L4-L6)	+2
+2	Flexion, PL (L5-S1)	+2
+2	Flexion, TL (C6-T1)	+2
+2	Triceps (C7-T1)	+2
0	Crossed Extensor	0
0	Perineal (S1-S2)	0

G. CRANIAL NERVES:
          (0=absent, +1=decreased, +2=normal, +3=increased/exaggerated, NE=not examined)

LEFT	(Response/Test)	RIGHT
+2	Menace (CN II & VII)	+2
+2	Palpebral (CN V & VII)	+2
2	Pupil Size	2
	PLR’S Stimulate left eye Stimulate right eye (CN II & III)
+2		+2
NE		NE
0	Strabismus	0
0	Nystagmus	0
+2	Facial Sensation (CN V)	+2
2	Mastication (CN V)	2
NE	Swallowing/Gag (CN IX & X)	NE
2	Tongue (CN XII)	2

H. SENSATION:
          (0=absent, +1=decreased, +2=normal, +3=increased/exaggerated, NE=not examined)

Location	Perineal region
Hyperesthesia	not present
Superficial pain	+1
Deep pain	+1

	Generalized LMN		Peripheral nerve
	Spinal Cord C1-C5		Spinal Cord C6-T2
	Spinal Cord T3-L3		Spinal Cord L4-S3
	Cauda equina		Peripheral vestibular
	Central vestibular		Brainstem
	Cerebral cortex		Cerebellum
	Cranial neuropathy		Myopathy
	Musculoskeletal	Expert's Anatomic Diagnosis

LESION LOCATION:            Where is the lesion located? Right Left Bilateral Expert's Lesion Location REVIEW RADIOGRAPHS: Lumbosacral:     Thoracolumbar:     Cervical:     Skull:     Appendicular          WHICH SET ILLUSTRATES THIS CASE?